خوانشی نوین از بن‌مایه‌های ادبیّات پایداری در شعر راشد حسین

Rashed Hossein (1936-1977) is regarded as a distinguished poet of the poetry of resistance a distinguished poet of the poetry of resistance among the third generation of Palestinian poets. The findings of study show that he is considered as the founder of this kind of poetry along with introducing satire in the literature of resistance. The significant features of resistance literature in his poems include: Creating hope in the way of resistance; patriority and national commitment; opposing compromise and surrender to the Zionist regime; revealing the true identity of the occupiers; threatening the enemy; mounting for the myrtars; Freedom of Palestine; the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their home hand …
These concepts have been expressed through structures such as symbolic representation; heroic and aversive expression; satire, and threatening structures the two main purposes of this article are:

Introducing Rashed Hossein and his status in the literature of resistance,
Analyzing the contextual and structural poems according to the basics in the criticism of resistance literature.

The goal of the descriptive-analytical study is to apply the methods of literary criticism, the contextual, structural analyses in order to introduce the resistance poetry. The method is based on the analyses of themes in the collection of his poems.
Introduction:
Rashid Hussein is known among writers and critics with prominent titles and titles, including: the founder of the committed Palestinian resistance poetry within the country, the pioneer of the literature of resistance in Palestine, the expatriate poet of the literature of resistance in Palestine, the founder of satire in the literature of resistance. In fact, he is a poet who placed his poetic art at the service of the axis of resistance. Therefore, familiarity with his poetry of resistance is a necessity for research in the field of contemporary Palestinian resistance literature.
Results and Discussion:
Rashid Hossein is considered one of the poets of the third generation (the generation of the period of catastrophic events after the period of defeat and defeat). This generation is the generation of cry. Their loud voice of protest is clearly heard in poetry, they call the Arab and Islamic nation to struggle and jihad and give new life and spirit to the literature and poetry of resistance. This descriptive-analytical research seeks to answer the following basic question:
- What are the prominent features of Rashid Hossein's persistent poetry in terms of content and structure?
Rashid is a poet between "realist" and "romantic"; that is, he aims to "express the bitter and emotional" issue of Palestine with "social realism." And perhaps it can be said that Rashid's realism "arises from the context of society and is an interpretation of true feelings and emotions" and "the driver of the feelings and emotions of the audience." However, it must be acknowledged that he is also a poet of "symbolism" because he expresses his political and social goals with "symbolization and symbolism," and in this symbolism, he does not believe much in "mythology, concealment, and ambiguity in symbolism." The symbols of his poetry are famous classical or contemporary figures who are familiar with the mental background and thoughts of the masses of people. These characters are either the embodiment of suffering, like "Hazrat Masih (AS)" (cf.: Ode: "Al-Habb wa al-Jittu: 216), or the embodiment of stability and victory, like "Salah al-Din" (cf.: Ode: Al-Quds fi 'Aynin: 167). Rashid's symbols are in two forms: "words" and "names of knowledge" and are accompanied by the use of various historical, religious, political, cultural and social symbols. The poet has used these serious or humorous symbols as an outlet for expressing his political, national, social and human concerns. He has used two basic models in the foundation of his symbolism: the use of "traditional" and famous symbols that are also found in the poetry of other contemporaries, and the other is "modern symbols", some of which are the result of the poet's innovation and genius, and some he has used in imitation of his contemporaries. In addition, the main purpose of the poet's codes is to call the audience towards rebellion, pure identity, hope, perseverance and jihad.
Another characteristic of Rashid's poetic language is the choice of "epic and persuasive rhetorical language". Rashid Hussein's poetry of perseverance is full of movement and dynamism, protest and rhetorical and persuasive expression. Since the orientation of his poetry is focused on "message" and resistance against occupation and oppression requires the language of jihad and epic, Rashid, understanding such a subject, is more inclined to call the audience towards epic and perseverance by using words and meanings that include war and epic. Therefore, the music of his poetry is full of the song of jihad, perseverance and passion.
Conclusion:
Persistence in the true sense of the word is the characteristic and basic theme of most of Rashed Hossein's Paydar poetry. In this sense, the poet tries to express themes - poets may also be found in other poems and contemporaries of Paydar literature - whose main goal is to reach the people and rely on the oppressed and suffering masses. The frankness of expression, boldness in speech and stability in expressing these themes and avoiding despair and bitterness have strengthened the true concept of persistence in his poetry. He is a poet who has felt displacement and oppression with all his being. Hence, the impact of his poetry on the audience as well as the real and tangible expression of oppression and political and social events in his odes are clearly understood.

2. In Rashed's poetic structure, the combination of prose and epic poetry and the use of irony and bitter humor are considered new innovations in Paydar poetry. The main purpose of the poet in using such methods, which are accompanied by the use of imagery, especially simile, metaphor, and personification, is to add beauty to world poetry, diversify the taste and preferences of the audience, reduce the pain and suffering of his oppressed nation, and call the Arab audience to contemplation and deep thought. He has tried to express the pain and suffering of the nation in captivity through symbolism and symbolic expressions and invite the audience to struggle, jihad, contemplation, and deep thought.
The language of Rashid Hussein's poetry of perseverance has been manifested in several basic dimensions. The language of rhetoric and epic; because his audience is the struggling masses of the people. He is also a poet between realism and romanticism. Because he expresses the existing and tangible realities in Palestinian society and the front of perseverance with a special feeling and emotion. In addition, he has chosen the path of moderation in the use of imagery.